Condition-based periodic inspection for fixed installations in accordance with DGUV V3 residual current monitoring.

A system test was already required in the first VDE regulation from 1896. In the meantime, the system test for new and extended systems is specified in DIN…

Power quality measurements in all EVU voltage levels up to 150 kHz – Is that possible? A reliable energy supply has become an important location factor for many companies.While grid failures and voltage fluctuations were among the most important parameters of supply quality in the past, voltage transients and voltage transients or voltage harmonics are…

Die physikalischen Grundprinzipien der Rogowskispule Immer häufiger werden für Strommessungen so genannte Rogowskispulen eingesetzt. In vielen Bereichen ist der Einsatz dieses Messmittels sinnvoll oder notwendig, weil in Bestandsinstallationen kein Platz für klassische Stromwandler vorgesehen war. Doch oft werden bei der Projektierung Fehler begangen, die Bauteile schädigen oder das Messergebnis negativ beeinflussen können. Ein gutes Verständnis…

Das Differenzstrommonitoring im industriellen Umfeld Ein Fehlerstromschutzschalter (Residual Current protective Device, RCD – früher FI-Schutzschalter) ist seit vielen Jahrzehnten eine Standardkomponente in der elektrischen Unterverteilung. Auch in unserer Wohnung befindet sich ein RCD. Dieser Schalter besitzt einen Bemessungsdifferenzstrom von 30 mA. Normativ ist die Auslösung zwischen 50 und 100 % des Bemessungsdifferenzstroms festgelegt. Bei einer…

Winding Current Transformers in Low Voltage In practice it is often necessary to measure currents in the nominal current range below 100 A. However, since most of the measuring devices used for current measurement only have 1/5 A measuring inputs, a maximum current of 5 A can be measured directly with the measuring device. In…

SF6 in converter construction The gas sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) is used in electrical power engineering as an insulating and extinguishing medium, particularly in switchgear and its components. In addition to its many positive properties, SF6 has the disadvantage of a very high global warming potential (GWP). According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),…

Influence of the transformer phase error on the calculation measurement The quality of the billing measurement of electrical energy is not only determined by the percentage amplitude error of current and voltage transformers (1).current and voltage transformers (1). The correct temporal transfer of the current and voltage signals (phase error) of the transformers used is…

Billing measurements of electrical energy in Germany A complicated issue For billing measurement of electrical energy in Germany, at higher currents and voltages that are no longer controlled by the energy meter, inductive current and voltage transformers are used without exception. These devices are subject to the transformer principle. While current transformers represent a transformer…